|
SPECIES |
MODE OF
TRANSMISSION |
CULTURE MEDIA |
DISEASES |
IDENTIFYING POINTS |
CLINICAL FEATURES |
PREVENTION |
TREATMENT |
Lab. TEST |
|
Staphylococcus
Aureus |
nose is the main site of
colonization, The skin, Hand contact is an
important mode of transmission, S.
aureus is also found in the vagina, shedding from human lesions and
fomites such as
towels and clothing contaminated by these lesions. |
Blood agar, Mannitol salt agar |
pyogenic infections (e.g.,
endocarditis, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis), food poisoning, scalded
skin syndrome, and toxic shock
syndrome |
Gram+ cocci arrange in cluster
(Grapelike), Catalase+, Coagulase+, Ferments Mannitol, B- hemolysis &
Goleden colour colony on blood agar |
Food
poisoning (gastroenteritis) short incubation period (1–8 hours). vomiting more prominent than diarrhea. Toxic
shock syndrome fever; Hypotension, sunburn-like rash. Scalded-skin
syndrome fever, large bullae, and an erythematous
macular rash |
Cleanliness, frequent handwashing, and aseptic management of lesions. intranasal
mupirocin or by oral antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin |
nafcillin or cloxacillin cephalosporins, or vancomycin
Mupirocin in skin infections caused by S.
aureus |
Smears from staphylococcal lesions. Cultures
of S. aureus typically yield golden-yellow colonies that are usually β-hemolytic |
|
Staphylococcus
epidermidis |
found on skin and enter the bloodstream
at the site of IV catheters that penetrate through the
skin |
Blood agar
|
prosthetic valve endocarditis and prosthetic joint
infections |
Gram+ cocci arrange in cluster
(Grapelike), Catalase+, Coagulase-, no hemolysis & white colour colony on
blood agar Sensitive to novobiocin
|
·
Flu-like symptoms, such as fever and
chills, Fatigue. ·
Aching joints and muscles, Night sweats.
|
|
Nafcillin, vancomycin |
Cultures of coagulase-negative staphylococci typically yield white colonies that are nonhemolytic
|
|
Staphylococcus
Saprophyticus |
Transmitted through sexual contact |
Blood agar
|
Urinary Tract infection (especially
cervicitis) |
Gram+ cocci arrange in cluster
(Grapelike), Catalase+, Coagulase-, no hemolysis & white colour colony on
blood agar Resistant to novobiocin
|
·
Large amounts of unusual vaginal discharge, ·
Frequent, painful urination.
|
|
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or ciprofloxacin |
Cultures of coagulase-negative staphylococci typically yield white colonies that are nonhemolytic
|
